Add sections to the bookbuilder: Hunter-Gatherers of the Congo Basin (Barry S. Hewlett)

 

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[Front Matter]
[Title Page]
[Copyright]
Contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
Acknowledgments
Foreword
Introduction
Terminology
Pygmy
Hunter-Gatherers, Forest Foragers, and Autochtones
Terms for Forest Neighbors
Conventions
Characteristic Features
Unity and Diversity
Organization of the Book
Limitations and Biases
References
1. Cultural Diversity of African Pygmies
A Brief History
Names and Locations of Groups
Orientation of the Literature
Present State of Knowledge
Hunting Techniques
Gathering
Other Subsistence Activities
Habitat
Music
Linguistic Diversity
Relations with Farmers
Mythology
Economy
Social Custom, Interaction, and Organization
Polyethnic Systems
Conclusion: Are Cultural Differences due to the Relations with the Farmers?
References
2. Population Genetics of Central African Pygmies and Non-Pygmies[4]
Population Genetics Approaches of Human Origins and Past Migrations
The Multiethnic Context of Central Africa: Pygmy and Non-Pygmy Populations
Reconciling the Definitions of a Population between Research Fields
The Genetic Diversity and Origins of Pygmies
Genetic Differentiation among Central African Pygmy Populations
Common Genetic Origins of Central African Pygmies
Migration Patterns among Central African Populations
Marriage Practices and Gene Flow among Pygmies and Non-Pygmies
Dispersal Behavior and Reproductive Isolation between Neighboring Pygmy Populations
The Stature of African Pygmies
Perspectives and Conclusions
Perspectives on the Origins of Central African Populations
Perspectives on Culture and Gene Interactions among Pygmies and Non-Pygmies
Concluding Remarks
References
3. On Late Holocene Population Interactions in the Northwestern Congo Basin: When, How, and Why Does the Ethnographic Pattern
Introduction
Traditional Views of Forest Foragers and Agriculturalists
Forager-Bantu Population Interactions in the Congo Basin: Timing, Nature, and Catalysts
When Did Forager-Bantu Interrelations Begin?
Nature of Ethnographic and Prehistoric Forager-Bantu Dyads
Homogenous “Push Factors”
The Evolution and Emergence of the Forager-Bantu Dyad: A Hypothesis about the Rise of Social Currencies and Inequalities
Conclusions
References
4. “Do Pygmies Have a History?” Revisited: The Autochthonous Tradition in the History of Equatorial Africa[13]
Introduction
Background: Equatorial Traditions
Pre-colonial Historical Frameworks: Autochthon/Immigrant Relations over the Longue Durée
The Regime of Complementarity: Early Relations between Autochthons and Immigrants, Beginnings to ca. 500 CE
From Complementarity to Inequality: The Rise of Pygmy Social Inferiority
How Pygmies Make History: The Autochthonous Tradition in Action
Preserving Autonomy in Alliance Relationships with Local Bantu
Entrepreneurial Pursuits in the Wider Region
Alliances with Royals
Seeking Autonomy in the Postcolonial Era: Bayaka of the Lobaye
Discussion
Historical Developments, Pygmy Responses
Responses to Inequality: Roots of a Separate Evolution
Pygmies as Authors of Their Own History
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
5. Human Biology and Health of African Rainforest Inhabitants
Introduction
Historical Construction of a Category
Definition
Mythology
Paleoanthropology
Morphological Analysis
Head Shape
Stature and Body Proportions
Diet and Nutritional Status
Diet and Energy Balance
Nutritional Status
Growth
Diseases
Malaria
Other Parasites
Yaws and Other Bacterial Diseases
Viral Infections
Chronic Diseases
Consequences of Sedentarization
Demographic Evolution
Adaptation to Rainforest
Mechanism of Body Size Reduction
Climate and Body Size
Other Hypotheses
Conclusion
References
6. Foraging Lifestyle in the African Tropical Rainforest
Introduction
Controlled Foraging Trips
Possibility of Foraging Lifestyle in the African Tropical Rainforest
Carrying Capacity
Game, Nuts, Fish, and Perennial Wild Yams as Key Foods
Cost for Foraging Lifestyle
What Was the Lifestyle of Paleolithic Foragers and Who Were They?
References
7. Diversity in Pygmy Music: A Family Portrait[45]
Introduction
(Ba)Mbuti, Efe, Kango-Sua, Asua
Performance Context
Instruments and Vocal Technique
Musical Features
Aka, BaAka, Bayaka, Biaka, (Ba)Mbènzèlè, Mbendjele, Babinga
Performance Context
Instruments and Vocal Technique
Musical Features
Baka, Bibayak, Bangombé
Performance Context
Instruments and Vocal Technique
Musical Features
*Baakaa: The Hypothetical Original Common Society of the Aka and Baka
Other Groups in Cameroon and Gabon
Bedzan (Cameroon)
(Ba)Gyeli, (Ba)Kola (Cameroon)
(Ba)Bongo, Moghama, and Murimba (Gabon)
(Ba)Koya (Gabon)
The Phantasm Gives Way to a Family Portrait
References
8. Egalitarian Social Organization: The Case of the Mbendjele BaYaka
The Pygmies of Central Africa
Mbendjele BaYaka
BaYaka and Bilo
The Egalitarianism of Hunter-gatherer Societies
Demand-sharing and Ekila
Mobility, Disputes, and Moadjo
Camp Organization—
Specialist Roles
Egalitarian Gender Relations
Massana—The Importance of Play
Reproducing an Egalitarian Society
References
9. Hunter-Gatherer Childhoods in the Congo Basin
Introduction
Studies in the Overview
Common and Distinctive Features of Forager Childhood
Physical and Emotional Intimacy throughout Childhood
Autonomy throughout Childhood
Mixed-age Groups throughout Childhood
Play throughout Childhood
Learning Environments throughout Childhood That Are Conducive to Early and Rapid Acquisition of Knowledge and Skills
Giving and Responsiveness in Infancy and Early Childhood
Allomaternal Care in Infancy and Early Childhood
Few Gender Differences in Middle-Childhood Caregiving
Male and Female Initiation during Adolescence
Discussion of Distinctive Features
Cultural Diversity between and within Ethnic Groups
Father Involvement
Allomaternal Care
Theoretical Contributions
Development Psychology
Evolutionary Biology
Sociocultural Anthropology
Summary
References
10. Multiangular Identities among Congo River Basin Forest Peoples
Senses of Belonging, Dynamics of Identity in the Lobéké Forest Region
Multiethnic Associations: Éésòngé, Mbékà, and álè
Éésòngé
Multiangular Ethnic Affiliations
Multiangular Identity of Bò Kóà, a Person of the Forest
Multiangularity of “Pygmy” Stereotype
Conclusion
References
11. Interethnic Relationships between Pygmies and Farmers
Introduction
Cultural Relations
Language and Historical Contacts
Economic Relations
Social Relationships
Subordinate and Heteronomous Relationships
Subordinate and Autonomous Relationships
Coordinative and Autonomous Relationships
Coordinative and Assimilative Relationships
Interethnic Marriage
Dialectic Symbiosis in Local Context
Changes in Global Context
Conclusion
References
12. Forest Conservation and Indigenous Peoples in The Congo Basin: New Trends toward Reconciliation between Global Issues and Local Interest
Introduction
Global Forest Programs and Local Issues: Emissions
Integrating Global and Local Concerns: Nontimber Forest Products
Indigenous Peoples in the Congo Basin
Establishing Customary Rights to Forest Resources
The Need for Customary Rights
Forest Culture
The Contribution of Forest People to Biological Diversity
The Impact of Market Forces: Bushmeat and Logging
Concluding Remarks
References
List of Contributors
Index
Source, notes...